Democracy

Democracy

Democracy


Democracy is a form of government for all eligible citizens to participate on an equal footing - either directly or through their elected representatives - in the proposal, and the development and introduction of laws. Social, economic and cultural feature that allow citizens to exercise and equal to free political self-determination. The term democracy is sometimes called the narrow sense to describe the system of government in a democratic state, or in a broader sense to describe the culture of the community sense. And democracy in the broadest sense, is a privileged social system believes in him and walk and the company refers to certain political and moral culture reflects the concepts related to the need for a peaceful transfer of power and periodically.

Is derived from the term democracy within Alaligriqi (Latin: Demokratia) and means "people power" for himself, [1] a term that was written by a δῆμος two components (Demos) "the people" and κράτος (Kratos) "power "or" governance "in the V century BC to denote then existing in the states of the Greek cities of political systems, especially Athens; the term is contrary to ἀριστοκρατία (aristocracy) and means "government of the elite". Although contradicts these definitions in theory, but the difference between them has historically been a blur. [2] The political system in ancient Athens For example, the granting of the right to practice democracy to the elite class of freemen and slaves and women excluded from political participation. And in fact, in all the most ancient and modern history democratic governments, the practice of democracy in the elite class to all adult citizens was formed, even granted full emancipation from slavery in most modern democracies around Voting movements in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

As mentioned above democracy originally meant government of the people for himself, but is often called word liberal democracy because it is the dominant system of democracy in the West and the world the twentieth and atheist century, is the use of the word "democracy" to describe the common confusion liberal democracy in the term, either in the West or East, democracy is a form of political rule based entirely peaceful transfer of power and majority rule, while liberalism focuses on protecting the rights of individuals and minorities [3] This type of restriction on the treatment of minorities and most people who oppose democratic systems do not understand the Constitution required that protection, Allalabralah called democracies, there is a convergence between the two and the spacing of the other shows in the relationship between democracy and liberalism as the relationship between democracy and secularism can vary according to the majority opinion.

In the system or degree of liberal democratic degrees living in the twenty-first century, more than half the population of the earth in Europe, America, India and others. While most other living under regimes claim to a different type of democracy (such as China, which claims the Popular Democratic). Democracy is contrary to the form of government in which a person who holds the reins of power, as is the case in the system of monarchy, or a part of the market power of a few individuals, such as the oligarchy. However, these contradictions genes of Greek philosophy, [4] is now vague ideas because contemporary governments may contain elements of democracy and monarchy and oligarchy mixed. Karl Popper defines democracy as opposed to dictatorship or tyranny, and therefore focus on opportunities for people to take control of their leaders and overthrow them without the need of a revolution. [5]

There are many forms of democracy, but there are two main aspects, and both are interested in how to accomplish the will of the citizens eligible for practice. A model of democracy is direct democracy, where all citizens would be eligible direct and active participation in decision-making in government formation. In most modern democracies, eligible citizens remain sovereign authority in decision-making, but political power is exercised through elected representatives, and is called representative democracy. The concept of representative democracy, largely by the ideas and institutions that have developed during the European Middle Ages and the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the American and French Revolutions

Concepts and values ​​of democracy:

Democracy is the government of the majority, but the kind that is common (ie liberal democracy) protects the rights of minorities and people installing the laws in this regard to the Constitution, and all corners reflected in a number of concepts and principles will Nbstha Talia. It is rare that Thoz condition or to complete all these concepts is imperfect society, but some of these controversial concepts not throw a consensus among democracy advocates had.

The concept of political legitimacy and democratic culture:

All forms of government based on political legitimacy, ie, the degree of acceptance of people as it is without this acceptance is more than one party in a civil war, and the policies and decisions will be opposition may be armed. With the exception of its objections to the notion of anarchism and liberal state (liberal), most people are willing to accept their governments if necessary. And failure to achieve political legitimacy in modern states is usually associated separatism and ethnic and religious conflict or persecution and no political differences, but that does not negate the existence of examples of political differences, such as war and Spanish Civil Spanish political opponents divided into two camps.

Democracy requires a high degree of political legitimacy because of periodic elections divided the population into two camps, "loser" and "winner". Therefore, successful democratic culture includes admission losing party and its supporters and voters to permit peaceful transfer of power and the concept of "loyal opposition" or "loyal opposition". Political rivals may differ, but should be recognized for each party to the other, in turn legitimate role and ideally the company encourages tolerance and civility in the debate between the management of citizens. This form of political legitimacy implies that all parties share common core values. Voters need to know that the new government will pursue policies may find distasteful as the common values ​​of democracy, let alone make sure this does not happen.

Free elections are not enough to become the country's democratically: The culture of political institutions and public service needs to change, a cultural change is difficult to achieve, especially in countries that used to be a transfer of power history violence. There are many different examples such as France and the revolutionary current Uganda and Iran, which was able to maintain the limited democratic approach took place even broader cultural changes and opened the way for the emergence of majority rule.

Democracies:

The form of the Greek term democracy Alkadim- were carved in ancient in the V century BC Athenian democracy Athens is generally regarded as one of the first examples of contemporary concepts of democratic governance are applied. It was half or a quarter of the population of Athens only men have the right to vote, but this barrier was no barrier nationwide nothing to do with the economic situation Whatever the extent of poverty was all citizens Athens are free to vote and speak to the General Assembly. The citizens of ancient Athens make decisions directly instead of voting to elect deputies to act on your behalf to take. This form of democratic government, which was established in ancient Athens, the call directly or pure democracy democracy. Over time, the direction of change "democracy" and raised defines talk much since the eighteenth century with the "democracy", the appearance of successive regimes in many countries.

The earliest forms of democracy have become republics of ancient India, which existed in the sixth century BC and before the birth of Buddha. He was known as Maha Janabadas Bal republics and between the republics Váchala were in place which is now called Bbher in India, which is the first government of the Republic in the history of mankind. After that, at the time of Alexander the Great in the fourth century BC, the Greeks wrote to Saparkaye and Sambastaaa States, governed, in what is now Pakistan and Afghanistan, "according to the Greek historians who wrote in the appropriate time, the form of government in which the democratically was not a king "