Egypt
Egypt
Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization in the north-east of Africa. Ancient Egyptians civilization centered on the banks of the Nile River in what is now known as the Arab Republic of Egypt. Egyptian civilization began around the year 3150 BC, when King Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt, and then evolved over the subsequent three millennia. Historically included a series of politically stable Kingdoms, punctuated by periods of relative stability are called intermediate periods. Ancient Egypt reached the peak of civilization in the era of the modern state, and then entered the country in a period of slow decline. Egypt was attacked in that period by many foreign powers, and officially ended the rule of the Pharaohs while Romanian Empire invaded Egypt and made it one of its provinces.Derived success of ancient Egyptian civilization in the ability to adapt to the Nile River Valley conditions. And helped flood forecasting and control over their damage in the production of agricultural crops and ample contributed to the social and cultural development. The authorities With the availability of the necessary exploitation of minerals in the valley and desert areas surrounding material, and has developed an independent writing system, and organized collective construction and agricultural projects, as well as trade with the surrounding areas, and to strengthen its military forces military to defend against enemies abroad and confirm the dominance of Pharaonic on the country. Has been organizing these activities and are stimulated by a group of bureaucrats, religious leaders and administrators under the control of the pharaoh who was keen on cooperation and unity of the Egyptians in the context of an elaborate system of religious beliefs.Achievements included the ancient Egyptians quarrying, surveying and construction techniques that facilitated the building massive pyramids, temples and obelisks, in addition to a practical and effective system of mathematics in medicine. And irrigation systems and agricultural production techniques, and the first known ships, Egyptian faience and glass painting technology, and new forms of literature, and the first known peace treaty. Ancient Egypt has left a lasting legacy. And copied and imitated Egyptian civilization, art and architecture on a large scale in the world, quotes effects to distant parts of the world. And inspired the ruins and remains of passengers and fiction writers for centuries, and in the early discoveries led to talk about the effects of fossils and Egyptian era to the scientific research of the Egyptian civilization manifested itself in the science called Egyptology, and further appreciation of their cultural heritage in Egypt and the worldIn the late Paleolithic, climate shift in North Africa gradually to heat and drought, forcing residents of the region to focus on the length of the Nile Valley, and since that primitive man began to live in the region in the late Pleistocene since 120 000 years old, became the Nile lifeline in Egypt . Fertility accompanied with the flooding of the Nile gave people the opportunity to develop the agricultural economy and strengthen the stability of the central society has become, as some sponsors cornerstone in the history of human civilization.Relationship of ancient Egypt, YemenCharacterized the relationship between Egypt and Yemen foot, due to its roots prehistoric days, and these relations have diversified to include aspects of political, economic, cultural and educational.• Political and economic relations: the latest Muhammad Ali radical changes in the regulations that existed before he came to power in Egypt and Yemen, which included agriculture, industry and trade, and the most important belongings mutual trade of goods between Egypt and Yemen, as well as the role played by the Egyptian and Yemeni ports in flourishing business process between the two countries and the currency used in trade, as well as weights and measures and the most important variables of them occurred in a context of each country under the rule of a single ruler.• Cultural Relations: an essential pillar of the relations between the two countries to two main factors: first occurrence of the two countries under the rule of a big country and one the beginning of the Islamic state and the Arab Umayyad and Abbasid and Fatimid and passing state Ayyubid, Mamluk and Ottoman through to the Egyptian state, and the second factor the exchange of scientific visits by students and scholars from During the Al-Azhar Mosque, which was and still is a major Arab Islamic Foundation documenting the bonds of love and understanding between people of different peoples. • Social Relations: Social has been the opening up of members of the Egyptian gathered and right on each other and their deployment in most neighborhoods and streets, villages and cities of the two countries, the role of the friction and daily deal through various economic activities to consolidate the social relations among them, and then the similarity of many of the customs and traditions which are still is part of the People's legacies. Yemeni-Egyptian relations are deeply privileged and historic Egyptian role can not be ignored during long periods and support the Egyptian. Formed privacy in the Yemeni-Egyptian relations, overlapping several correlation factors, most notably the historical and cultural factor, strategic, security and working very old Egyptian-Yemeni relations, and perhaps the oldest evidence which points to continue the two countries had received Egyptian Emperor Tuthmosis III, a gift from dealers Spian traders Yemeni President supplier of Incense to ancient Egyptian templesBefore the beginning of the era before the families, the Egyptian arid climate Qahla was less than it is today. And covered savanna and large areas of Egypt and traversed herds of grazing ungulates. The animal and plant wealth more abundant now than in all regions, and helped the Nile River region in the proliferation of groups of waterfowl. Fishing was popular among Egyptians in that period, which was also the domestication of animals, many of themTraditional peoples Anakadh jar used in the pre-dynastic era.In about 5000 BC, lived in small tribes in the Nile Valley and grew and developed a series of cultures that were agriculture and animal husbandry controlled, in addition to the collection of pottery and private property has been found. The largest of these civilizations are Badari culture in Upper Egypt, which is known for high-quality Balsramek, and stone tools, and the use of copper.In the north, followed Badari civilizations Omratiyan and Gerzean, which showed a number of technological developments. During the period of civilization Agheirzaan, early evidence proved the existence of contact with Canaan and Byblos coast.In the south, and Azat civilization Anakadh Badari culture, and began to expand along the Nile by about 4000 BC in the early during Anakadh civilization, the ancient Egyptians imported obsidian from Ethiopia, which has been used in the transfer of feathers, among other things. Over a period of about 1000 years, civilization Anakadh evolved from a small farming communities into a powerful civilization had led full control over people and resources in the Nile Valley and effort Anakadh leaders to extend their control over Egypt to the north along the Nile River to establish centers of power in Harakounپolas then at Abydos and traded with Nubia in the south, and the oases of the Western Desert in the west, and the cultures of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea in the east.Anakadh peoples made a variety of precious commodities, in a reflection of the increase in energy and wealth in the elite class, which included paint pottery vases and decorative stone of high quality, and paintings and jewelry made of gold and ivory Alpd. They also developed a ceramic glaze known Bagayhana which was used in Roman times to decorate cups, amulets and statues. Prior to the end of the pre-dynastic period, the peoples Anakadh initiated the use of written symbols that would at the end of the matter to the full development of the system of the language of hieroglyphics to write the ancient Egyptian language.
